In a significant decision on Wednesday, MEPs decided 355 to 247 to reserve product terms including "burger" and "schnitzel" solely for animal-derived foods.
If this proposal is implemented, common vegetarian products like plant-based burgers, soy steak, and cauliflower schnitzel could have to be renamed across EU countries.
However, before the restriction to take effect, it must gain support from a majority of the 27 EU countries, something that remains uncertain.
Supporters argue that customers need clear information and that meat terms should only describe products from animals.
"A steak and sausages are products from animal farming: not from synthetic production or plant products," said French MEP the proposal's author.
Opponents, including Green MEPs, described the decision pointless regulation.
"Plant-based burgers, seitan schnitzel and soy sausage do not confuse shoppers, just rightwing politicians," declared Austria's lawmaker Thomas Waitz.
The marks another effort to control such terminology. EU lawmakers rejected a comparable ban in 2020.
The French government earlier enacted a national restriction on meat terms for plant-based foods in 2020, but the European court of justice determined it invalid under European legislation in this year.
Major Germany's retailers including Aldi and Lidl oppose the measure, warning that changing familiar names would mislead shoppers.
Consumer groups point to surveys showing that the majority of consumers comprehend these names when products are properly identified as vegan.
"Nearly 70% of shoppers recognize the terminology as long as products are explicitly labelled plant-based," noted Irina Popescu, a consumer officer at BEUC.
The legislative measure now faces review by EU member states, where it needs to secure majority support to be enacted.
Considering the mixed views among various politicians and the public, the outcome of the proposal is still unclear.
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Debra Briggs
Debra Briggs