Jair Bolsonaro has been taken into custody after authorities found he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under house arrest.
The one-time leader was found guilty of orchestrating a government overthrow in September and given more than over two decades in jail, but he was staying under home detention pending legal challenges.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice the presiding justice said the move to detain the elderly politician was a preventative measure after recent developments emerged.
This involved trying to remove his electronic bracelet and a call for a demonstration that could "allow for a potential flight.
In a filing authorising the arrest, the magistrate said data from the facility tracking his home detention suggested the former leader's aim to disable the electronic ankle bracelet to guarantee victory in his getaway".
This, it said, would be made easier by the confusion caused by the demonstration called by his child.
His offspring, Flávio Bolsonaro, who serves as a congressional representative, called for a assembly of his followers near the former president's residence to take place on Saturday night.
The senator wrote on social media on Friday: "Are you going to fight for your nation, or see it all from your phone there on your couch? I call on you to battle with us."
He said the vigil would be so supporters could "pray for his health and for the return of democracy in our nation."
Part of the magistrate's decision was the potential of his move to foreign missions near the dwelling, considering that the inquiries revealed a background of planning to ask for protection through a embassy office", a announcement said.
The court filing underscores that the American diplomatic mission in the capital, the capital city, is located around 13km from his dwelling.
Bolsonaro's legal woes have provoked anger from fellow right-wing populist American leader Trump, leading him to impose a 50% tariff on imports of Brazilian goods.
The former president is being kept in a Federal Police station in Brasilia and will have a imprisonment assessment on the following day.
It was only on last Friday that the ex-leader's attorneys asked the High Court to allow him to serve his whole jail sentence under home confinement, with tracking devices.
They also requested that Bolsonaro be permitted to exit his dwelling for medical treatment, saying he required ongoing care for respiratory ailments and other health problems.
He was determined responsible of orchestrating a scheme aimed at keeping him in power after he lost the presidential race to his left-wing rival, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Top judicial officials said that he had knowledge of a plan which included plans to kill the current president and his vice-presidential running mate, Alckmin, and to imprison and murder Alexandre de Moraes - the top judicial official who has been presiding over his judicial proceedings.
The plot was prevented because it didn't receive the support of the armed forces officials. Lula was took office without issue on the first day of 2023.
But a week later, on the eighth of January, numerous his backers attacked and damaged official structures in the national capital, the capital city.
The law enforcement stepped in and around 1,500 people were taken into custody.
The magistrates found that the demonstrators had been encouraged by the former president whose strategy, they said, was for the country's army to step in, reestablish control and return him to office.
At the period, his attorneys called the over 27-year sentence extremely harsh.
He was also prohibited from running for public office until the year 2060 - a decade minus two years after the completion of his term.
The former president called the trial a "witch hunt and said it was aimed at blocking him participating in the 2026 presidential election.
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Debra Briggs